Comparison of 1956 and 1962 Constitutions of Pakistan
Chapter 3: Constitution of Pakistan
SLO Content
The Constitutions of 1956 and 1962 introduced different systems of government in Pakistan. The 1956 Constitution established a parliamentary system, while the 1962 Constitution introduced a presidential system. Both constitutions included Islamic provisions, but they differed in executive powers, judicial structure, distribution of subjects and fundamental rights.
Comparison of 1956 and 1962 Constitutions
Point 1
Islamic Features
The 1956 Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and included Islamic provisions. The 1962 Constitution also included Islamic principles and required laws to be according to Islam, but initially used the name Republic of Pakistan before Islamic provisions were restored.
Point 2
Form of Government and Executive Powers
The 1956 Constitution introduced a parliamentary system where the Prime Minister was the head of government. The 1962 Constitution introduced a presidential system where the President had strong executive powers and controlled the administration.
Point 3
Judiciary and Supreme Judicial Council
The 1956 Constitution provided an independent judiciary and established the Supreme Judicial Council. The 1962 Constitution also included a judicial system, but the President had greater influence over appointments and constitutional matters.
Point 4
List of Subjects and Fundamental Rights
Both constitutions divided powers between the centre and provinces. The 1956 Constitution provided fundamental rights, while the 1962 Constitution also guaranteed rights but suspended them during martial law and introduced changes in their protection.
Activity
Compare the Constitutions
Select the correct information about the 1956 and 1962 Constitutions.
1. Which constitution introduced a parliamentary system?
2. Which constitution introduced a presidential system?
3. In which constitution did the President have stronger executive powers?
4. Which feature was common in both constitutions?
Concept-Based MCQ
Which major difference existed between the Constitutions of 1956 and 1962?
Answer Key
Correct Answer: The major difference between the two constitutions was the form of government. The 1956 Constitution established a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister, while the 1962 Constitution introduced a presidential system with a powerful President.
Constructed Response Question (CRQ)
4 Marks Question
Compare the Constitutions of 1956 and 1962 with reference to Islamic features, form of government, executive powers and fundamental rights.